Mathematical Psychology

This project investigates mathematical psychology's historical and philosophical foundations to clarify its distinguishing characteristics and relationships to adjacent fields. Through gathering primary sources, histories, and interviews with researchers, author Prof. Colin Allen - University of Pittsburgh [1, 2, 3] and his students Osman Attah, Brendan Fleig-Goldstein, Mara McGuire, and Dzintra Ullis have identified three central questions:

What makes the use of mathematics in mathematical psychology reasonably effective, in contrast to other sciences like physics-inspired mathematical biology or symbolic cognitive science?
How does the mathematical approach in mathematical psychology differ from other branches of psychology, like psychophysics and psychometrics?
What is the appropriate relationship of mathematical psychology to cognitive science, given diverging perspectives on aligning with this field?

Preliminary findings emphasize data-driven modeling, skepticism of cognitive science alignments, and early reliance on computation. They will further probe the interplay with cognitive neuroscience and contrast rational-analysis approaches. By elucidating the motivating perspectives and objectives of different eras in mathematical psychology's development, they aim to understand its past and inform constructive dialogue on its philosophical foundations and future directions. This project intends to provide a conceptual roadmap for the field through integrated history and philosophy of science.

The Project: Integrating History and Philosophy of Mathematical Psychology

This project aims to integrate historical and philosophical perspectives to elucidate the foundations of mathematical psychology. As Norwood Hanson stated, history without philosophy is blind, while philosophy without history is empty. The goal is to find a middle ground between the contextual focus of history and the conceptual focus of philosophy.

The team acknowledges that all historical accounts are imperfect, but some can provide valuable insights. The history of mathematical psychology is difficult to tell without centering on the influential Stanford group. Tracing academic lineages and key events includes part of the picture, but more context is needed to fully understand the field's development.

The project draws on diverse sources, including research interviews, retrospective articles, formal histories, and online materials. More interviews and research will further flesh out the historical and philosophical foundations. While incomplete, the current analysis aims to identify important themes, contrasts, and questions that shaped mathematical psychology's evolution. Ultimately, the goal is an integrated historical and conceptual roadmap to inform contemporary perspectives on the field's identity and future directions.

The Rise of Mathematical Psychology

The history of efforts to mathematize psychology traces back to the quantitative imperative stemming from the Galilean scientific revolution. This imprinted the notion that proper science requires mathematics, leading to "physics envy" in other disciplines like psychology.

Many early psychologists argued psychology needed to become mathematical to be scientific. However, mathematizing psychology faced complications absent in the physical sciences. Objects in psychology were not readily present as quantifiable, provoking heated debates on whether psychometric and psychophysical measurements were meaningful.

Nonetheless, the desire to develop mathematical psychology persisted. Different approaches grappled with determining the appropriate role of mathematics in relation to psychological experiments and data. For example, Herbart favored starting with mathematics to ensure accuracy, while Fechner insisted experiments must come first to ground mathematics.

Tensions remain between data-driven versus theory-driven mathematization of psychology. Contemporary perspectives range from psychometric and psychophysical stances that foreground data to measurement-theoretical and computational approaches that emphasize formal models.

Elucidating how psychologists negotiated to apply mathematical methods to an apparently resistant subject matter helps reveal the evolving role and place of mathematics in psychology. This historical interplay shaped the emergence of mathematical psychology as a field.

The Distinctive Mathematical Approach of Mathematical Psychology

What sets mathematical psychology apart from other branches of psychology in its use of mathematics?

Several key aspects stand out:

Advocating quantitative methods broadly. Mathematical psychology emerged partly to push psychology to embrace quantitative modeling and mathematics beyond basic statistics.
Drawing from diverse mathematical tools. With greater training in mathematics, mathematical psychologists utilize more advanced and varied mathematical techniques like topology and differential geometry.
Linking models and experiments. Mathematical psychologists emphasize tightly connecting experimental design and statistical analysis, with experiments created to test specific models.
Favoring theoretical models. Mathematical psychology incorporates "pure" mathematical results and prefers analytic, hand-fitted models over data-driven computer models.
Seeking general, cumulative theory. Unlike just describing data, mathematical psychology aspires to abstract, general theory supported across experiments, cumulative progress in models, and mathematical insight into psychological mechanisms.

So while not unique to mathematical psychology, these key elements help characterize how its use of mathematics diverges from adjacent fields like psychophysics and psychometrics. Mathematical psychology carved out an identity embracing quantitative methods but also theoretical depth and broad generalization.

Situating Mathematical Psychology Relative to Cognitive Science

What is the appropriate perspective on mathematical psychology's relationship to cognitive psychology and cognitive science? While connected historically and conceptually, essential distinctions exist.

Mathematical psychology draws from diverse disciplines that are also influential in cognitive science, like computer science, psychology, linguistics, and neuroscience. However, mathematical psychology appears more skeptical of alignments with cognitive science.

For example, cognitive science prominently adopted the computer as a model of the human mind, while mathematical psychology focused more narrowly on computers as modeling tools.

Additionally, mathematical psychology seems to take a more critical stance towards purely simulation-based modeling in cognitive science, instead emphasizing iterative modeling tightly linked to experimentation.

Overall, mathematical psychology exhibits significant overlap with cognitive science but strongly asserts its distinct mathematical orientation and modeling perspectives. Elucidating this complex relationship remains an ongoing project, but preliminary analysis suggests mathematical psychology intentionally diverged from cognitive science in its formative development.

This establishes mathematical psychology's separate identity while retaining connections to adjacent disciplines at the intersection of mathematics, psychology, and computation.

Looking Ahead: Open Questions and Future Research

This historical and conceptual analysis of mathematical psychology's foundations has illuminated key themes, contrasts, and questions that shaped the field's development. Further research can build on these preliminary findings.

Additional work is needed to flesh out the fuller intellectual, social, and political context driving the evolution of mathematical psychology. Examining the influences and reactions of key figures will provide a richer picture.

Ongoing investigation can probe whether the identified tensions and contrasts represent historical artifacts or still animate contemporary debates. Do mathematical psychologists today grapple with similar questions on the role of mathematics and modeling?

Further analysis should also elucidate the nature of the purported bidirectional relationship between modeling and experimentation in mathematical psychology. As well, clarifying the diversity of perspectives on goals like generality, abstraction, and cumulative theory-building would be valuable.

Finally, this research aims to spur discussion on philosophical issues such as realism, pluralism, and progress in mathematical psychology models. Is the accuracy and truth value of models an important consideration or mainly beside the point? And where is the field headed - towards greater verisimilitude or an indefinite balancing of complexity and abstraction?

By spurring reflection on this conceptual foundation, this historical and integrative analysis hopes to provide a roadmap to inform constructive dialogue on mathematical psychology's identity and future trajectory.

The SDTEST^®

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Below you can read an abridged version of the results of our VUCA poll “Fears“. The full version of the results is available for free in the FAQ section after login or registration.

Kev ntshai

kab kos Correlation

VUCA

Tseem ceeb heev tus nqi ntawm cov correlation coefficient

Kev faib tawm ib txwm, los ntawm William Seas Gosset (Tub Ntxhais Kawm) r = 0.0335

Tsis tas li cas faib tawm, los ntawm Spearman r = 0.0014

Qhia tsuas yog > r = 0.0335

Kev faib	Tsis li cas	Tsis li cas	Tsis li cas	Zoo li ib txwm	Zoo li ib txwm	Zoo li ib txwm	Zoo li ib txwm	Zoo li ib txwm
Txhua nqe lus nug Txhua nqe lus nug Kuv qhov kev ntshai tshaj plaws yog
Kuv qhov kev ntshai tshaj plaws yog
Answer 1	-	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0521	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0294	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0147	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0885	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0316	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0110	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.1513
Answer 2	-	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0213	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0013	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0432	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0618	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0453	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0103	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0918
Answer 3	-	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0042	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0116	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0406	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0477	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0487	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0767	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0191
Answer 4	-	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0421	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0350	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0115	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0112	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0307	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0175	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0980
Answer 5	-	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0288	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.1272	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0146	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0697	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0037	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0215	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.1746
Answer 6	-	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0001	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0042	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0607	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0115	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0231	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0826	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0309
Answer 7	-	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0117	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0372	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0653	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0283	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0495	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0626	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0505
Answer 8	-	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0658	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0830	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0310	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0139	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0334	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0134	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.1322
Answer 9	-	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0660	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.1658	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0051	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0691	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0093	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0498	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.1820
Answer 10	-	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0758	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0724	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0173	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0236	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0312	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0115	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.1263
Answer 11	-	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0577	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0544	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0075	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0082	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0185	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0293	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.1190
Answer 12	-	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0376	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.1007	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0342	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0296	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0273	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0341	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.1500
Answer 13	-	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0627	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.1017	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0443	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0248	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0434	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0189	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.1576
Answer 14	-	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0732	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.1036	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0048	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0105	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0039	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0041	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.1157
Answer 15	-	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0539	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.1381	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0424	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0163	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0147	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0216	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.1173
Answer 16	-	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0590	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0274	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0375	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0429	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0687	Tsis muaj zog zoo 0.0253	Tsis muaj zog tsis zoo -0.0698

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[1] https://twitter.com/wileyprof

[2] https://colinallen.dnsalias.org

[3] https://philpeople.org/profiles/colin-allen

2023.10.13

Valerii Kosenko

Khoom Siv Khoom Saas Tsiaj Txoj Haujlwm SDTET®

Valerii tau tsim nyog raws li kev sib raug zoo-tus kws kho mob hlwb thaum xyoo 1993 thiab muaj txij xyoo thov nws kev paub hauv Project Tswj.
Valerii tau txais Master's degree thiab qhov project thiab Project Tus Thawj Coj tsim nyog rau hauv xyoo 2013. Thaum nws paub txog txoj haujlwm Geesellschaft E. V.) thiab muab kauv ntom.
Valerii tau siv ntau yam kev ntsuam xyuas muaj zog thiab siv nws txoj kev paub thiab kev paub los hloov qhov tam sim no version ntawm sdtest.
Valerii yog tus sau tshawb fawb txog qhov tsis paub tseeb ntawm V.U.c.a. Lub tswv yim siv cov kab mob muab kauv thiab cov lej lej hauv kev ua lej, ntau dua 20 cov chaw xaiv tsa thoob ntiaj teb.

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